Ultrasound Theory and Point of Care Application
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An out-of-plane approach is perpendicular to the needle and corresponds to the short axis of the vessel. This approach allows you to center the needle over the vessel, however, you may underestimate the needle depth when using this approach.

Point of care ultrasound makes direct visualization of venous and arterial structures, nerves, bone and other tissue possible at the bedside through the use of a hand-held probe connected to a small ultrasound unit via a cable.

Clinical evidence consistently shows that the use of ultrasound guidance improves the safety of the insertion of all central venous catheters. Ultrasound guidance reduces insertion risks to patients by providing clear visualization of veins and aiding in the identification of potentially problematic anatomic issues.